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[PDF] Applying Career Development Theory To Counseling Download eBook for Free
May 16, · This book is clearly written, filled with useful case examples, and includes integrated diversity coverage to give you the advantage in your course and your career. You'll find information about websites on internships, education, counseling organizations, and jobs. Career Development Theories. Career development theories offer differing perspectives on how to view the individual developmental needs, organizational fit, and the career counseling process. Theories are used to help individuals find meaningful work that aligns with their traits, personality types, interests, values, and cultural contexts. Download Free Success: Success Strategies- The Top Best Ways To Be Successful (Success Tips, Success Strategies, Success Habits, Productivity Hacks, Intelligent Decision Making) Download Free The Back Passage. Download Free The Book of Common Prayer noted.
Applying career development theory to counseling download pdf
Career development theories offer differing perspectives on how to view the individual developmental needs, organizational fit, and the career counseling process. Theories are used to help individuals find meaningful work that aligns with their traits, applying career development theory to counseling download pdf, personality types, interests, values, and cultural contexts. As theories developed over time, they have shifted the focus from matching basic aptitudes and interests with job requirements to emphasizing the importance of finding satisfaction and meaningful work as integral to lifespan development.
The following are some highlights of several career development theories:. Although this theory is not a career theory in particular, the basics of Abraham Maslow's s Hierarchy of Needs model helps explain how we are motivated by certain needs. Maslow broke these down into five needs, applying career development theory to counseling download pdf.
When the lower level needs are met, we can work on the higher needs but those basic survival needs must be met before moving up applying career development theory to counseling download pdf pyramid that he designed to signify and individual's needs.
His five levels of needs include:. Understanding what needs a person has met can help a career counselor know where to start. However, for an individual who has all of the lower needs met, they may be able to take more time to find a career with meaning that provides them personal growth and fulfillment.
The Trait and Factor Theory Parsons, is focused on identifying the characteristics of the individual i. For the next 20 years, she continued to observe and classify people into categories. Her daughter, Isabel Myers, joined her work in the s and together they developed the Myers-Briggs Type Theory which used personality types to categorize human behavior Myers, Each dimension had a midpoint of zero and an extreme preference score of Although the four-letter code may be helpful in understanding their preferences of those dimensions, the degree to which individuals fall on one end of each scale also identifies the strength or clarity of those preferences.
For example, on the extraversion-introversion dimension, an extraversion score of 28 would indicate a much stronger extraversion personality applying career development theory to counseling download pdf than someone who had a score of 5. The lower score, or score closest to the midpoint, might indicate more of a balance between extraversion and introversion preferences. For individuals with high scores indicating an extreme preference in each dimension, this career tool may provide a clear approach to career development.
However, for individuals who have lower, or more balanced scores, their personality type may identify only some of their ideal career options. For example, the ENFJ type who scored high on the extroversion and other scales would most likely prefer the ENFJ-related occupations; whereas, the ENFJ type who scored lower on the extroversion scale, may have a more balanced score between both extroversion and introversion preferences.
Therefore, they may consider looking at the INFJ occupations as well to identify interests that may suit their personality. Applying career development theory to counseling download pdf approach would apply for any of the dimensions where an individual had a more balanced score.
Although this theory was not originally designed for career development, the availability to easily match personality types with relevant occupations makes the MBTI popular in college. Holland began by categorizing careers into six major types and examined the people who chose jobs within each category. From his observations, he proposed six types RIASEC that described both the personality styles and work environments that provided the best person-job match.
These types include:. Holland was intentional in visualizing the relationship within and between types. The closer they were to each other, the more closely they resembled each other. Holland recognized that individuals rarely fell into only one type, but rather a combination of types.
He found these combinations were typically in consistent patterns; therefore, his order of types was intentional. He created a hexagon model and placed a type on each corner, with a specific order of the types around the hexagon i. The adjacent types e. The combination of types indicated the most important elements for an individual to consider when making a career choice that would be congruent with their personality. While the first letter indicates their primary interest, the other letters indicated an elevated interest that may help guide them as they narrow their career options.
Additionally, many occupational classifications were described with a multiple type code, and could help an individual identify careers that fit their two or three-letter code e. Holland also believed that individuals were more certain of their interests if their scores were well-differentiated. For example, if an individual's three-letter type was S-A-I, a well-diferentiated score would include high scores on the first letters and low scores on the other types.
An undifferentiated, or flat profile, indicated that the scores across all types were similar. Holland believed that individuals with differentiated scores were ready to make a career-related decision; those with flat scores were not ready to decide because they were unclear about their interests. Additionally, Dawis and Lofquist made several basic assumptions in their approach:.
Dawis and Lofquist believed that to achieve satisfaction, applying career development theory to counseling download pdf would choose careers they thought would fulfill their needs and organizations would select individuals for the same reason. They felt this was important to job success and incorporated the measure of satisfaction and satisfactoriness into their theory as significant determinants in work adjustment.
In addition to the basic assumptions of their model, Dawis and Lofquist made 18 propositions based on the idea of predicting successful work adjustment, making this theory more complex than the others. Several instruments are available to measure satisfaction, satisfactoriness, needs, and aptitudes such as the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and Minnesota Satisfactoriness Scales ; however, this theory is not commonly used today.
Perhaps the complex nature of this theory, length of instruments, and popular use of other theories has limited its wide use Brown, Donald Super developed this leading career developmental theory addressing individual's self-concept, life span, and life space:. Super proposed that individuals are a blend of how they see themselves, how they want to be seen, and how they think others view them.
This self-concept helps them identify their career goals and plans. Life Span. As people progress through life, Super suggested that they go through developmental stages across their entire lifespan. He broke these down into five stages:. Life Space.
As individuals are a part of a variety of "theaters" e. These roles play out in different stages of life. For example, someone might be a student from the time they enter school until graduating college.
They may decide to go back to school later in life for additional training and pick up that role again. Super developed the Life-Career Rainbow to depict the life roles across one's lifespan.
Linda Gottfredsonview career choice as a process rather than an event. This is described in four stages based on an increasing age and developmental abilities of abstract thinking:.
Compromise is the process by which individuals accept less attractive occupational choices because of the inaccessibility to desired ones. John Krumbolz applied Bandura's social learning theory to career development and believed that the primary role of career counselors was not to find an individual a job but to help them create a more satisfying life. As our lives and careers move forward at a quick pace, it is impossible to plan for each event, applying career development theory to counseling download pdf.
Therefore, he termed happenstance to describe remaining open and exploratory while unexpected events happen, applying career development theory to counseling download pdf. He outlined several basic beliefs of his theory:. Krumbolz suggested getting clients engaged in their career development using the following steps:.
Nancy K. Schlossberg describes transition as an event e. She proposed the 4-S model to describe the four parts to transition:. Individual and environmental factors are considered but this theory also hypothesizes the following:, applying career development theory to counseling download pdf.
When individuals have low self-efficacy beliefs or expectations, applying career development theory to counseling download pdf, it will be challenging for them to meet their goals NCDA, ; Gysbers, Hepner, and Johnston, This theory focuses on the way people think and how these thought patterns affect their career decision making. They look at three factors:. They provide several steps to help direct a career intervention NCDA, :. She considered the impact of careers, communities and families on individuals, and focused on the cultural context for life changes.
Six critical life tasks connecting the important life concepts for individuals grew from her observations and included:. Postmodern approaches began emerging Key concepts around constructivist counseling include:.
Constructivism : knowledge is constructed about oneself, others, and their world through their own ideas, beliefs, and experiences; it does not reflect actual reality. Social constructionism : individual's knowledge and beliefs about self and others is understood in relation to social or other external forces.
The career construction theory Savickas, is built on Super's theoretical framework with an additional focus on making meaning through a narrative approach. This theory goes beyond scores on assessments and encourages counselors to consider an individual's story including their context, with whom they interact, and how they derive meaning.
Key concepts around this theory include:. Self-construction: individuals develop from childhood where they first begin as actorsthen agentsand finally authors of their lives and careers. Career adaptability : evolved from Super's concept of career maturity; it involves assessing the concern, identifying the developmental tasks, and exploring skills, and resources needed to resolve the tasks.
Four dimensions of career adaptability include:. Unlike traditional predictive models of career counseling, this theory addresses the current realities of career decision-making including complexity, change, constructivism, and chance. Pryor and Bright described patterns of behavior to respond to life challenges using the concept of attraction. Attraction describes how individuals organize the self and then maintain or sustain it when change occurs.
It is divided into four types of attractors:. Spirituality is integrated into career development with this theory recognizing five dimensions for consideration:. Applying career development theory to counseling download pdf describes the changes that occur to reconfigure a system. This approach changes the focus from the problem and deficits to the resources and strengths Schutt, This approach is client-led, empowerment focused, and future-orientation.
Brown's approach focuses on the importance of values in career decision making. Finding a job that aligns with one's values can lead to greater job satisfaction. Gottfredson, L. Brown, Career Choice and Development.
San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Gysbers, N.
Holland's Personality Types
, time: 5:08Applying career development theory to counseling download pdf
Career Development Theories. Career development theories offer differing perspectives on how to view the individual developmental needs, organizational fit, and the career counseling process. Theories are used to help individuals find meaningful work that aligns with their traits, personality types, interests, values, and cultural contexts. Applying career development theory to counseling. [PubHVu] Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling PDF | by Richard S. Sharf. Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling by by Richard S. Sharf This Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling book is not really ordinary book, you have it then the world is in your hands. The benefit you get by reading this book is actually.
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